Environmental condition | Stress type | Beneficial features for drought tolerance | Yield | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Greenhouse and field | Drought | Improved water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthesis, root system and osmotic adjustment and scavenging ROS | NA | [142] |
Laboratory and green house | Drought and heat | Enhanced protection of photosynthesis, seedlings and leaf viability | NA | [137] |
Laboratory, greenhouse and field | Drought and salt | Increased proton pump activity of the vacuolar pyrophosphatase, auxin polar transport stimulation lead to root development | Increased 20% | [143] |
Laboratory and greenhouse | Â | High chlorophyll content, improved photosynthesis, higher relative water content and less cell membrane damage | Increased 40% | [140] |
Laboratory, greenhouse and field | Drought | Increased production of ABA and proline content | NA | [144] |
Green house | Â | Enhanced proline content and root development, while transpiration rate decreased | 131% more bolls | [145] |
Green house and field | Drought and salt | Enhanced sequestration of ions and sugars into vacuole, reduced water potential, and enhanced root biomass | 20% increased | [146] |
Greenhouse | Drought | Higher relative water content and proline level while reduced H2O2, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage | 57.6%, more bolls | [147] |
Greenhouse | Drought | Improved photosynthesis, roots and shoots, higher relative water content and less cell membrane damage | 51% higher | [88] |
Greenhouse | Drought | Increased photosynthesis, higher relative water content, better osmotic adjustment, less ion leakage and lipid membrane peroxidation | 3–12% more | [148] |
Greenhouse | Drought | Higher photosynthesis, delayed leaf senescence | NA | [149] |
Greenhouse | Drought and salt | Longer roots, higher chlorophyll and proline content, higher germination rate and soluble sugar, lower lipid peroxidation | NA | [150] |
Greenhouse | Drought | Higher soluble sugar and proline content, enhanced superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, improved cell membrane integrity, increased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and root length | NA | [150] |
Laboratory green house and field | Drought and salt | Increased proline and soluble sugar content, well developed roots, reduced leaf stomatal density, increase ROS scavenging enzymes | 43% higher | [144] |
Green house and field | Drought | Proline content and sugar increased, higher peroxidase activity, reduced loss of net photosynthetic rate, reduced lipid peroxidation, greater plant height, larger bolls | Yield increased | [141] |