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Table 2 Successful stories of GM plants against drought stress

From: Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness

Environmental condition

Stress type

Beneficial features for drought tolerance

Yield

References

Greenhouse and field

Drought

Improved water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthesis, root system and osmotic adjustment and scavenging ROS

NA

[142]

Laboratory and green house

Drought and heat

Enhanced protection of photosynthesis, seedlings and leaf viability

NA

[137]

Laboratory, greenhouse and field

Drought and salt

Increased proton pump activity of the vacuolar pyrophosphatase, auxin polar transport stimulation lead to root development

Increased 20%

[143]

Laboratory and greenhouse

 

High chlorophyll content, improved photosynthesis, higher relative water content and less cell membrane damage

Increased 40%

[140]

Laboratory, greenhouse and field

Drought

Increased production of ABA and proline content

NA

[144]

Green house

 

Enhanced proline content and root development, while transpiration rate decreased

131% more bolls

[145]

Green house and field

Drought and salt

Enhanced sequestration of ions and sugars into vacuole, reduced water potential, and enhanced root biomass

20% increased

[146]

Greenhouse

Drought

Higher relative water content and proline level while reduced H2O2, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage

57.6%, more bolls

[147]

Greenhouse

Drought

Improved photosynthesis, roots and shoots, higher relative water content and less cell membrane damage

51% higher

[88]

Greenhouse

Drought

Increased photosynthesis, higher relative water content, better osmotic adjustment, less ion leakage and lipid membrane peroxidation

3–12% more

[148]

Greenhouse

Drought

Higher photosynthesis, delayed leaf senescence

NA

[149]

Greenhouse

Drought and salt

Longer roots, higher chlorophyll and proline content, higher germination rate and soluble sugar, lower lipid peroxidation

NA

[150]

Greenhouse

Drought

Higher soluble sugar and proline content, enhanced superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, improved cell membrane integrity, increased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and root length

NA

[150]

Laboratory green house and field

Drought and salt

Increased proline and soluble sugar content, well developed roots, reduced leaf stomatal density, increase ROS scavenging enzymes

43% higher

[144]

Green house and field

Drought

Proline content and sugar increased, higher peroxidase activity, reduced loss of net photosynthetic rate, reduced lipid peroxidation, greater plant height, larger bolls

Yield increased

[141]