Structural and functional alterations in heart and skeletal muscle following severe TAC in mice: impact of moderate exercise training

Böttner, Julia; Werner, Sarah; Adams, Volker; Knauth, Sarah; Kricke, Angela; Thiele, Holger; Büttner, Petra

doi:10.1186/s40659-021-00354-2

Table 2 Comparison of studies using the TAC model in C57/Bl6 mice with a focus on exercise intervention or muscle function in heart failure

From: Structural and functional alterations in heart and skeletal muscle following severe TAC in mice: impact of moderate exercise training

PMID/author/year	Age at surgery, sex, animal supplier	Exercise start, exercise regime	TAC type	n	LV hypertrophy normalized to sham (%)	Cardiac characteristics at sacrifice	Muscle characteristics at sacrifice
28622359/Wang et al./2017	8 weeks, male, Jackson Lab	Start: 1 week post-surgery Regime: swimming with increasing training duration (20–60 min/day), 60% VO₂max, 9 weeks	Sham sed	15	100	EF = 75%^a, FS = 37%^a	No muscle characteristics specified
			Sham ex	15	100^a	EF = 80%^a, FS = 40%^a	No muscle characteristics specified
			TAC 27G sed	15	153	EF = 40%^a. FS = 18%^a. ~ 3-fold increased CSA, 12% interstitial fibrotic remodeling (Masson Trichrome staining)	No muscle characteristics specified
			TAC 27G ex	15	132	EF = 57%. FS = 25%. ~ 2-fold increased CSA. 4% interstitial fibrotic remodeling (Masson Trichrome staining)	No muscle characteristics specified
31930683/Tian et al./2019	6 weeks, male, Shanghai Lab Animal Center	Start: n.d Regime: Treadmill running with increasing intensity (30–60 min/day, 11–13 m/min), 8 weeks	Sham sed		100^a	EF = 64%^a, FS = 38%^a	No muscle characteristics specified
			Sham ex		100^a	EF = 70%^a, FS = 40%^a	No muscle characteristics specified
			TAC 27G sed		159^a	EF = 50%^a. FS = 23%^a. ~ 1.4-fold increased CSA^a, 2.8-fold increased ANP^a, 3.5-fold increased BNP^a	No muscle characteristics specified
			TAC 27G ex		140^a	EF = 58%. FS = 30%. ~ 1.2-fold increased CSA^a, twofold increased ANP^a, 2.5-fold increased BNP^a	No muscle characteristics specified
21291889/Van Deel et al./2011	20 weeks, sex not specified, supplier not specified	Start: immediately post-surgery Regime: 8 weeks voluntary wheel running	Sham sed	20	100	FS = 38%^a
			Sham ex	21	105^a	FS = 40%^a	Total run distance 432 ± 37 km
			TAC 25G sed	16	120^a	FS = 32%^a
			TAC 25G ex	13	140	FS = 31%^a	Total run distance 409 ± 42 km
			TAC 27G sed	35	186	FS = 17%^a
			TAC 27G ex	29	200^a	FS = 14%^a	Total run distance 276 ± 38 km
23449942/Richards et al./2013	8 weeks, male, Jackson Lab	ETT at 3, 7, 11, 15 weeks post-surgery	Sham	10	100	EF = 72 ± 4%	Maximum running distance at 3, 7, 11, 15 weeks: 630 m^a, 410 m^a, 390 m^a, 400 m^a
			LAD	34	147	EF = 36 ± 5%. Interstitial fibrotic remodeling (Masson Trichrome staining)	Maximum running distance at 3, 7, 11, 15 weeks: 490 m^a, 380 m^a, 400 m^a, 390 m^a
			TAC 27G	16	197	EF = 28 ± 6%. Interstitial fibrotic remodeling (Masson Trichrome staining)	Maximum running distance at 3, 7, 11, 15 weeks: 400 m^a, 300 m^a, 300 m^a, 280 m^a
29986381/Van Deel et al./2018	12–20 weeks, sex not specified, supplier not specified	Start: immediately post-surgery Regime: 8 weeks voluntary wheel running	Sham sed	12	100	FS = 38%^a
			Sham ex	12	100	FS = 40%^a	Total run distance: 435 ± 6 km
			LAD sed	21	110^a	FS = 10%^a, collagen content ~ 1.8%^a increased
			LAD ex	19	105^a	FS = 15%^a	Total run distance: 245 ± 5 km
			TAC sed, needle diameter not specified (presumably 27G)	19	200^a	FS = 15%^a, collagen content ~ 2% increased
			TAC ex, needle diameter not specified (presumably 27G)	16	210^a	FS = 13%^a, collagen content ~ 3.7%^a increased	Total run distance: 237 ± 6 km
28159807/Sung et al./2017	8 weeks, male, Charles River Lab	ETT: treadmill running at 15 m/min, 3 and 5 weeks post TAC	Sham	15	100	EF = 50.08 ± 5.01%, FS = 25.73 ± 3.25% 5 weeks post TAC	Total run distance: 490 m^a, whole body glucose consumption: 4.900 mL/kg/h^a and fatty acid oxidation: 600 mL/kg/h^a, O₂ consumption in EDL (a) basal: 2.1 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a, (b) ADP-stimulated: 6.1 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a O₂ consumption in Soleus (a) basal: 3 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a, (b) ADP-stimulated: 2 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a All data 5 weeks post TAC
28159807/Sung et al./2017	8 weeks, male, Charles River Lab	ETT: treadmill running at 15 m/min, 3 and 5 weeks post TAC	TAC 27G	10	172	EF = 26.00 ± 3.47%, FS = 12.21 ± 1.78% 5 weeks post TAC	Total run distance: 260 m^a, reduced activity in insulin pathway in skeletal muscle, whole body glucose consumption: 1.900 mL/kg/h^a and fatty acid oxidation: 800 mL/kg/h^a, O₂ consumption in EDL (a) basal: 1.3 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a, (b) ADP-stimulated: 3 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a O₂ consumption in Soleus (a) basal: 10 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a, (b) ADP-stimulated: 4.9 nmol O₂/min/mg dry wt^a All data 5 weeks post TAC
Own data	8 weeks, male, Janvier Lab	Start: 2 weeks post-surgery Regime: 8 weeks treadmill training at 60% VO₂max	Sham	13	100	EF = 61 ± 5%, FS = 32 ± 3%	EDL maximum force 25.8 ± 5.7 N/cm²
			TAC_SED 27G	11	147	EF = 46 ± 6%, FS = 23 ± 4%, 1.2-fold increased CSA	EDL maximum force 28.8 ± 4.7 N/cm² EDL: 1.2-fold decreased CSA, 1.25-fold decrease in slow fibers Soleus: CSA as in sham, 1.1-fold increase in slow fibers
			TAC_EX 27G	12	140	EF = 47 ± 7%, FS = 23 ± 4%, 1.2-fold increased CSA	EDL maximum force 28.1 ± 6.6 N/cm² EDL: 1.1-fold decreased EDL CSA, 1.2-fold decrease in slow fibers Soleus: 1.2-fold decreased Soleus CSA, slow fibers as in sham

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy normalized to sham operated mice—simplified overview to allow for comparisons as some publications reported LV mass, LV mass/bodyweight, heart mass/tibial length or total heart weight (own data)
n.d not declared, EF ejection fraction, FS fractional shortening, CSA cross-sectional area, ETT exercise tolerance test, ANP Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide
^aValue estimated from figure as not indicated otherwise

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