Fig. 5
From: Cx43 hemichannels and panx1 channels contribute to ethanol-induced astrocyte dysfunction and damage
The ethanol-induced activation of hemichannels and pannexons triggers the release of ATP and glutamate by different pathways in cultured astrocytes. (A) Averaged Etd uptake rate (AU/min) normalized with control condition (dashed line) by astrocytes treated for 24 h with 100 mM ethanol alone or in combination with the following agents: 200 nM A740003, 200 µM oATP, 200 nM A740003 + 50 µM 10panx1, 200 nM A740003 + 50 µM gap19 or 200 nM A740003 + 0.5 µM TAK-242. ***p < 0.001, ethanol treatment compared to control conditions; #p < 0.05; ###p < 0.005; effect of pharmacological agents compared to ethanol treatment (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). (B) Averaged data of ATP release by astrocytes under control conditions (white circles) or treated with 100 mM ethanol for different time periods (red circles). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ethanol treatment compared to control conditions (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). (C) Averaged data of ATP release by astrocytes under control conditions (dashed line) or treated for 24 h with 100 mM ethanol alone or in combination with the following agents: 50 µM 10panx1, siRNAPanx1, 50 µM gap19, siRNACx43, 200 nM A740003, 200 µM oATP or 0.5 µM TAK-242. **p < 0.01, ethanol treatment compared to control conditions; ##p < 0.01; effect of pharmacological agents compared to ethanol treatment (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). (D-E) Averaged data of IL-1β (D) and TNF-α (E) release by astrocytes under control conditions (white bar) or treated for 72 h with 100 mM ethanol (red bars) or in combination with the following agents: 50 µM 10panx1, siRNAPanx1, 50 µM gap19, siRNACx43, 200 nM A740003, 200 µM oATP or 0.5 µM TAK-242. ***p < 0.005, ethanol treatment compared to control conditions; ###p < 0.005; effect of pharmacological agents compared to ethanol treatment (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). (F) Averaged data of glutamate release by astrocytes under control conditions (white circles) or treated with 100 mM ethanol for different time periods (red circles). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ethanol treatment compared to control conditions (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). (G) Averaged data of glutamate release by astrocytes under control conditions (dashed line) or treated for 24 h with 100 mM ethanol alone or in combination with the following agents: 50 µM 10panx1, siRNAPanx1, 50 µM gap19, siRNACx43, 200 nM A740003, 200 µM oATP or 0.5 µM TAK-242. **p < 0.01, ethanol treatment compared to control conditions; ##p < 0.01; effect of pharmacological agents compared to ethanol treatment (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). Data were obtained from at least three independent experiments with three or more repeats each one (≥ 30 cells analyzed for each repeat)