Table 1 The role of some ncRNAs in osteoporosis and their mechanisms through bone formation validated in the transgenic mice model

miRNA

miR-143

HDAC7

miR-143-/-

Promoting angiogenesis coupling with osteoblast differentiation

[163]

miRNA

miR-143/145

Sox2

miR-143/145-/-

miR-143/145 overexpression impaired BMSCs self-renewing and osteoblastic differentiation function

[169]

miRNA

miR-146a

n.a

MiR-146a-/-

miR-146a inhibited the proliferation and osteoblast differentiation but accelerated apoptosis of MSC

[123]

miRNA

miR-146a-5p

Sirt1

miR-146a-/-

miR-146a-5p inhibited the osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs; miR-146a-5p deletion protected female mice from age-induced bone loss

[122]

miRNA

miR-185

Bgn/BMP/Smad signaling

miR-185-/-

Redundant bone formation after miR-185

depletion

[170]

miRNA

miR-188

HDAC9 and RICTOR

miR-188–/–, osterix + miR-188-Tg mice

Inhibition of miR-188 increased bone formation and decreased bone marrow fat accumulation in aged mice

[167]

miRNA

miR-338

Runx2/Sox4/miR-338 signaling

miR-338-/-

Deletion of the miR-338 cluster or injection of a miR-338 cluster inhibitor prevented osteoporosis after ovariectomy

[171]

miRNA

miR-451a

Bmp6/SMAD1/5/8

miR-451a-/-

Osteoblasts and MSCs isolated from miR-451a KO mice showed promoted osteogenesis

[172]

miRNA

miR-497 ~ 195 cluster

Notch and HIF-1a

miR-497 ~ 195 fl/fl; Cdh5 (PAC)-Cre

Promoting angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis; target for age-related osteoporosis

[164]

LncRNA

Bmncr

FMOD; TAZ RUNX2/PPARG interation

Bmncr-/-

Restoring BMNCR levels in human BMSCs reversed the age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation

[165]

LncRNA

Crnde

Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Crnde-/-

Crnde knockout impaired osteoblast proliferation and differentiation

[166]

LncRNA

Neat1

Smurf1/Runx2

Neat1-/-

Neat1 deficiency in osteoblasts reduced the response of osteoblasts to mechanical

stimulation

[168]