Table 3 Percentages of motile sperm, viable sperm, sperm with high intracellular ROS, sperm with high intracellular superoxide levels and sperm agglutination after incubation with different concentrations of Mn²⁺/Ca²⁺ (0 mM, 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM and 50 mM) and for different incubation times (0 min, 2 min, 10 min, 30 min, 60 min)

81.69 ± 6.36^a

50.93 ± 12.74

8.01 ± 6.28

36.95 ± 13.67

7.48 ± 2.05^a

74.66 ± 10.29^a

54.13 ± 11.77

9.80 ± 7.86

36.28 ± 14.19

15.97 ± 6.69^a

70.91 ± 12.54^a

55.96 ± 8.27

11.35 ± 8.07

39.13 ± 11.86

38.70 ± 2.74^b

38.06 ± 2.91^b

53.41 ± 8.02

12.03 ± 5.48

35.00 ± 11.59

73.42 ± 2.54^c

35.78 ± 9.80^b

49.42 ± 9.00

11.88 ± 7.28

39.45 ± 11.88

88.88 ± 2.97^c

4.19 ± 0.61^c

34.21 ± 22.00

3.95 ± 1.99

24.90 ± 9.42

99.34 ± 0.84^d

83.49 ± 5.29^a

54.70 ± 16.13

8.38 ± 3.84

46.28 ± 19.39

8.81 ± 1.44^a

77.22 ± 13.69^a

58.15 ± 15.55

12.12 ± 4.09

47.35 ± 21.23

17.67 ± 5.73^a

57.84 ± 16.84^a

58.77 ± 14.60

14.61 ± 5.59

46.70 ± 16.20

41.52 ± 4.67^b

41.19 ± 14.74^b

52.37 ± 3.30

11.90 ± 2.14

44.87 ± 13.15

67.43 ± 5.41^b

41.33 ± 7.41^b

53.74 ± 7.88

8.12 ± 1.99

42.28 ± 9.42

86.14 ± 5.37^c

8.61 ± 3.72^c

39.89 ± 19.33

5.25 ± 6.15

34.59 ± 8.42

96.99 ± 1.95^c

83.47 ± 7.34^a

60.98 ± 11.23

6.46 ± 2.40

34.65 ± 15.04

11.02 ± 1.43^a

75.76 ± 13.61^a

62.79 ± 6.32

11.05 ± 5.29

32.91 ± 12.34

19.26 ± 7.07^a

49.24 ± 5.77^b

61.28 ± 8.99

11.45 ± 4.58

37.68 ± 14.78

40.28 ± 6.25^a

38.05 ± 11.98^b

60.43 ± 8.92

11.15 ± 4.97

33.77 ± 7.83

74.32 ± 2.76^b

37.65 ± 6.89^b

48.34 ± 23.48

5.69 ± 4.98

35.01 ± 10.71

84.95 ± 3.83^b

5.12 ± 1.29^c

22.36 ± 27.83

4.32 ± 4.43

36.42 ± 18.03

93.63 ± 8.18^b

75.29 ± 11.65^a

49.09 ± 17.94

4.91 ± 4.41

45.43 ± 11.86

19.00 ± 12.95^a

72.83 ± 10.00^a

44.80 ± 18.50

4.68 ± 5.28

48.65 ± 4.46

25.43 ± 5.34^a

50.46 ± 4.64^a

50.51 ± 10.83

5.01 ± 6.06

53.38 ± 9.25

37.47 ± 4.27^a

38.17 ± 18.72^a

42.61 ± 19.33

5.37 ± 6.96

57.51 ± 20.88

71.71 ± 2.98^b

40.20 ± 5.43^a

47.41 ± 6.94

5.82 ± 5.40

53.82 ± 7.85

83.80 ± 4.90^b

3.75 ± 1.30^b

17.54 ± 28.07

2.44 ± 3.68

46.96 ± 28.95

96.87 ± 3.02^c